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SOA Exams & Modules

[mathjax] Review Basic Concepts – Integrals: \(\int_{0}^{\infty }{{{t}^{n}}{{e}^{-ct}}dt}=\dfrac{n!}{{{c}^{n+1}}}\) \(\int_{0}^{u}{{{t}^{n}}{{e}^{-ct}}dt}=\dfrac{1-(1+cu){{e}^{-cu}}}{{{c}^{2}}}\) \({{(\bar{I}\bar{a})}_{u}}=\dfrac{{{{\bar{a}}}_{\overline{u}}}-u{{v}^{u}}}{\delta }\) – Geometric Series: \(\sum\nolimits_{k=0}^{n-1}{a{{r}^{k}}}=a\dfrac{1-{{r}^{n}}}{1-r}\) \({{i}^{(m)}}=m({{(1+i)}^{{}^{1}/{}_{m}}}-1)\) \({{d}^{(m)}}=m(1-{{(1+i)}^{-{}^{1}/{}_{m}}})\) – Survival Function: \({{S}_{x}}(0)=1\) \(\underset{t\to \infty }{\mathop{\lim }}\,{{S}_{x}}(t)=0\) \({{S}_{x}}(t)\) must be a non-increasing function of t Review from MFE – Rate of Discount: \(d=\dfrac{i}{1+i}\) – Discounting Rate: \(v=\dfrac{1}{1+i}=1-d\) – Continuously Compounded Interest Rate: \(\delta =\ln (1+i)\)  – Simple Interest Rate i: \({i}_{t}=1+it\) , \({{v}_{t}}=\dfrac{1}{1+it}\) – PV of …

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Accounting Principles

Product Classification Why need product classification? Not all products manufactured by insurance companies are insurance contracts Insurance contracts are those that contain significant insurance risk How products are classified? For valuation purposes, insurance contracts can be further classified into: Ordinary Life – Participating Ordinary Life – Non-Participating Personal Accident Unit-linked (Contracts with an explicit account balance) Universal life (Contracts with …

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IFRS 9

Introduction IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts establishes principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts issued. It also requires similar principles to be applied to reinsurance contracts held and investment contracts with discretionary participation features issued. The objective is to ensure that entities provide relevant information in a way that faithfully represents those contracts. This information gives a …

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Coding & Programming

Batch Functions

File Management CopyFolder Function: CopyFolder (Source As String, Target As String) As Integer Copies contents of a source folder including subdirectories to the target folder. If target folder exists then it will be deleted before copy operation is performed. Returns True(-1) if successful or False(0) if failed. Example: DeleteFolder Function: DeleteFolder (FolderName As String) As Integer Deletes a directory with …

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Elements in Axis

Types of Tables Tables are used at many levels in AXIS for many different: uses, structures, and  shapes Table Hierarchy Characteristics Cell Tables Used only by cells, or by sub-objects linked to cells Support policy level calculations at the cell level Projection Tables Used by higher level objects, such as sub-funds, funds and offices Column-specific shape Rows are financial years …

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Background There are times you are interested in summing up the results across various dimensions with specified conditions or indicators to exclude some results from the ARRAY_SUM function. There is an incident that I need to separate medical health UCOI cash flows from total medical UCOI cash flows, because there are different loss ratios for these two types of UCOI …

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Calculation Looping

What is calculation looping? Calculation looping is a process whereby parts of the calculation are repeated several times. In many ways it is similar to the rebasing facility. However, calculation looping differs from rebasing in the following ways: With calculation looping the parts that are repeated are repeated for the whole of the period of calculation. With rebasing only the …

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Goal-Seeking in Prophet

Fundamental Concepts Notes Goal-seeking cannot be used in conjunction with looped modules.  If you wish to goal seek at a product or fund level, you should use the REPEAT_LEVEL function.   Variables used in goal-seeking Variable Description SEED_VAL Seed value for first iteration. PREV_VAL Value for current iteration. NEXT_VAL Value for next iteration. IF_CONVERGED If iteration has converged.   How …

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DCS Code Segments

Dates CODE_SEGMENT Dates ; Valuation Date IF LEN(STRVAL(MONTH(EXTRACT_DATE))) = 1 THEN VAL_DATE = STRVAL(YEAR(EXTRACT_DATE)) + “0” + STRVAL(MONTH(EXTRACT_DATE)) ELSE VAL_DATE = STRVAL(YEAR(EXTRACT_DATE)) + STRVAL(MONTH(EXTRACT_DATE)) ENDIF ; Last-Year End LYE_DATE = STRVAL(YEAR(EXTRACT_DATE) – 1) + “12” ; Beginning of Current Year BOY_DATE = STRVAL(YEAR(EXTRACT_DATE)) + “01” ; Last-Month LM_M = STRVAL(NUMVAL(SUBSTR(VAL_DATE, 5, 2)) – 1) IF LEN(LM_M) = 1 THEN LM_M …

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